Know the terms

Procrastination glossary

Plain-English definitions of every concept in procrastination research, from akrasia to the Zeigarnik effect.

26 entries · updated 4 September 2026

Active vs passive procrastination

Personality

Deliberately delaying because you thrive on pressure, versus delaying because you cannot start. Only one of them costs you.

Akrasia

Philosophy

The 2,300-year-old name for knowing what you should do and doing something else anyway.

Analysis paralysis

Decision psychology

Research is comfortable and starting is not. When comparing options becomes the procrastination itself.

Attention residue

Organisational psychology

Switch tasks and part of your brain stays behind: Leroy's name for the cognitive smear that follows you.

Context switching

Cognitive psychology

Every jump between tasks bills you twice: once to leave, once to reload. The bill is bigger than it feels.

Decision fatigue

Social psychology

The idea that choices wear you down, and the honest story of the parole-judges study that made it famous.

Dopamine

Neuroscience

Not a pleasure juice you run out of. What the prediction-error science actually says, detox myths included.

Ego depletion

Social psychology

The famous limited-willpower theory, and the honest story of how a 23-lab replication found nothing.

Executive dysfunction

Clinical psychology

When the brain's task-management system struggles to initiate, plan and switch, delay stops being a choice.

Flow state

Positive psychology

The absorbed, time-vanishing state everyone chases, with an honest note on how hard it is to measure.

Fresh start effect

Behavioural science

New week, new month, day after your birthday: why temporal landmarks genuinely make starting easier.

Hyperbolic discounting

Behavioural economics

The specific curve shape that makes you sincerely plan to work tonight, then sincerely not.

Parkinson's law

Management

Give a task a week and it takes a week. The 1955 adage behind every deliberately tight deadline.

Planning fallacy

Cognitive psychology

You have been wrong about how long things take every time so far. The planning fallacy says you will be again.

Precrastination

Cognitive psychology

The opposite failure mode: grabbing the near bucket and carrying it further, just to feel done sooner.

Present bias

Behavioural economics

The systematic overweighting of right-now: the economist's name for why tonight's plan loses to tonight's sofa.

Types of procrastinator

Personality psychology

Avoider, thrill-seeker, indecisive, perfectionist: the common typologies, and how seriously to take them.

Revenge bedtime procrastination

Health psychology

Staying up too late to reclaim the free time your day never gave you, and paying for it tomorrow.

Self-efficacy

Social cognitive

Task-specific confidence, not general self-esteem. One of the strongest correlates of getting started.

Self-handicapping

Social psychology

Start late and you can blame the lateness, never your ability. The excuse-generating engine behind much delay.

Self-regulation

Psychology

The umbrella skill of steering yourself toward goals. Procrastination is its most familiar failure mode.

Sunk cost fallacy

Behavioural economics

Throwing good hours after bad: how effort already spent hijacks decisions about what to do next.

Task paralysis

Psychology (informal

The overwhelmed freeze state: too many tasks, too much ambiguity, and suddenly you can do none of them.

Temporal discounting

Behavioural economics

The reason future-you's deadlines can't compete with present-you's phone: rewards shrink with distance in time.

Time blindness

Clinical psychology

Now and not-now, with little in between: the time-perception difficulty behind much ADHD-related lateness.

Zeigarnik effect

Cognitive psychology

Unfinished tasks keep a mental tab open. The classic 1927 finding, with an honest note on shaky replication.

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